Cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov hlau titanium feem ntau yogrutile, uas muaj ntau tshaj 96% titanium dioxide. Tsis muaj rutile ore lub teb chaws, kev siv ilmenite ua los ntawm "high titanium slag", uas muaj li ntawm 90% ntawm titanium dioxide. Vim hais tias ntawm tus nqi ntawm ntuj rutile thiab dwindling reserves, lub teb chaws tab tom nyiam siv ilmenite ua los ntawm titanium-nplua nuj cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog,siab titanium slagthiabdag rutile. Titanium tau pom nyob rau hauv 1791, thiab thawj zaug ua titanium ntshiab yog nyob rau hauv 1910, qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev paub ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Yog vim li cas:titanium muaj zog heev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los ua ke nrog oxygen, nitrogen, carbon thiab lwm yam khoom, kom ua kom huv si titanium yuav tsum tau hnyav heev.
Thaum smelting titanium, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum mus dhau cov kauj ruam nyuaj. Lub ilmenite rau hauvtitanium tetrachloride hmoov, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv lub tank kaw stainless hlau, ntim nrogargon, kom lawv teb nroghlau magnesium, koj tau "daim txhuam cev titanium". Qhov no ntxeem tau"titanium daim txhuam cev" tsis tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau yaj mus rau hauv cov kua hauv lub cub tawg, txhawm rau muab pov rau hauv ingots. Tab sis kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob zoo li no thiab yooj yim npaum li cas! -wracking yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav lub crucible uas muaj cov kua titanium, vim hais tias cov khoom siv refractory muaj oxides, thiab cov pa oxygen yuav ua kua titanium tshem tawm.
Tom qab ntawd, tib neeg thaum kawg tau tsim ib"dej-txias tooj liab crucible"hluav taws xob rauv. Lub qhov cub no kub tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub cheeb tsam, tus so yog txias, titanium melted nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg, ntws mus rau cov dej-txias tooj liab crucible phab ntsa, tam sim ntawd condensed rau hauv ingots. Nws tau ua tau los tsim cov titanium blocks hnyav ntau tons siv txoj kev no, tab sis nws yog kwv yees kim.
Kev lag luam feem ntau siv sulfuric acid decomposition ntawm ilmenite titanium dioxide ntau lawm txoj kev, thiab ces los ntawm titanium dioxide zus tau tej cov titanium hlau. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov impurity Fe2 (SO4)3, ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv hlau, Fe3+ txo rau Fe2+, thiab tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj tau txias kom qis dua 273K, ua FeSO4-7H2O ( ntsuab alum) raws li ib tug by-product ntawm crystallization nag lossis daus.
Titanium dioxideyog tsim los ntawm forging titaniumdioxide. Kev tsim khoom ntawm titanium hlau siv hlau thermal txo txoj kev los txo titanium tetrachloride. Titanium dioxide (los yog ntuj rutile) thiab charcoal hmoov sib tov rhuab mus rau 1000 ~ 1100K, chlorination, thiab ua rau tiam TiCl4, vapor condensation.
Titanium dioxide nyob rau hauv 1070K nrog molten magnesium nyob rau hauv argon kom txo TiCl4 yuav tau ntxeem tau titanium daim txhuam cev. Qhov no titanium daim txhuam cev tom qab crushing, mus rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev arc rauv melting, thiab thaum kawg ua rau ntau yam titanium cov ntaub ntawv. TiCI4 tau, tom qab kub siab (kwv yees li 1250 degree) nyob rau hauv decomposition ntawm TiCI4=Ti + 2CI2, yog li tau txais ntshiab titanium.
Kev txo qis ntawm titanium tetrachloride los ntawm magnesium hlau. Titanium tetrachloride yog txo los ntawm magnesium hlau nyob rau hauv ib qho inert roj raws li molar piv, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub yog tswj ntawm txog 900 degree los tsim spongy titanium. Cov khoom lag luam, magnesium chloride, tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm titanium los ntawm cua sov hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm 1000 degree.
